According to Smeltzer (2001), the pain can be classified as follows:
1. Acute pain
Acute pain is usually a sudden onset and is generally associated with specific injuries. Acute pain indicates that damage or injury has occurred. It drew attention to the fact that the pain is really happening and teaches us to avoid a similar situation potentially cause pain. If the damage is not longer the case and there is no systematic diseases, acute pain usually decreases with healing occurs; This pain generally occurs in less than six months and usually less than one month. For purposes of definition, acute pain can be described as pain that lasts from a few seconds up to six months.
2. Chronic pain
Chronic pain is constant or intermittent pain that persist throughout a period of time. This pain lasts beyond the expected healing time and often can not be attributed to a specific cause or injury. Chronic pain may not have onset defined by fixed and often difficult to treat because normally this pain does not respond to treatments directed at the cause. Although acute pain may be a very important signal that something is not working as it should, chronic pain is usually a problem by itself.
Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Interventions for Pain
Nursing Diagnosis for Pain
- Acute Pain
related to physical injury, reduction of blood supply, process of giving birth - Chronic Pain
related to the malignancy - Anxiety
related to pain that is felt - Ineffective individual coping
related to chronic pain - Impaired physical mobility
related to musculoskeletal pain - Risk for injury
related to lack of perception of pain
Nurses develop a plan of nursing diagnoses that have been made. Nurses and clients together to discuss realistic expectations of action to overcome the pain, the degree of recovery of the expected pain, and the effects that must be anticipated in the client's lifestyle and function. Expected outcomes and goals of nursing and nursing diagnoses were selected based on the client's condition. The general objective of nursing care with pain are as follows:
- Clients feel healthy and comfortable
- Clients retain the ability to perform self-care
- Clients maintain physical function and psychological currently owned
- Client describes the factors that cause pain
- Clients use the therapy given safely at home
Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Interventions for Pain
